Pham Thi Phuong Lan(1), Phạm Quang Dong(2)
SUMMARY
Black sesame variety with good characteristics: high good seed ratio, drought resistance, vigorous branches, is mainly cultivated in Long An province. The main cropping season is Spring-Summer. This crop is often grown on upland, poor soil and limited water availability. Some technical solutions of this study including quantity of phosphorous and potassium fertilizers, sowing density and suitable irrigation techniques were conducted in Spring-Summer 2011 in Duc Hue district, Long An province. The study result showed that: i) Plant density from 66 -83 thousand plants per hectare, with 40x30 cm or 50 x 30 cm (row distance) for row sowing method, and 35-40 cm (plant distance) for broadcasting method, the yield varied from 1,134kg to 1,223 kg per hectare, increasing from 21.7 to 31.2% compared with farmer practices; ii) Effective irrigation technique in 4 stages of sesame crop was following: beginning of flowering (25days after sowing), fruiting (40 days after sowing), fulfilling seed (50NSG) and maturity (65 days after sowing). With this irrigation schedule, the yield was attained 1,204 kg per hectare, increasing by 146.9% compared with control treatment (without irrigation),the net profit reached 33.326 million VND per hectare, higher than five times irrigation treatment (33.148 million VND per hectare), the rate of return was 2.45, higher than five times irrigation treatment (2.35); iii) On poor gray soil, application of phosphorus and potassium at 40 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O per hectare combined with 90 kg nitrogen, the sesame yield of experiment was highest (1,205 kg per hectare), increasing 66.4% compared with control treatment (41N: 51P2O5:19K2O), the net profit reached 35.97 million VND per hectare, enhancing 94% compared with control treatment, and the rate of return reached 2.94, higher than local practice (1.78). The sesame yield of organic fertilizer treatments increase by 54 kg/hectare compared with non-organic fertilizer treatments. The gross income of these organic fertilizer treatments (40.32 million VND per hectare) is higher than the gross income of non-organic fertilizer treatments (38.16 million VND per hectare), and the net return also increase by 1.067 million VND) accordingly.
Key words: Degraded grey soil, irrigation scheme, local variety, sowing density and distance.
From: Vietnam Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development
The Eleven year No. 176 – 2011, page 18-24
Author: Pham Thi Phuong Lan Email: lan.ptp@iasvn.org
(1) Insititute of Agricultural Science for Southern Vietnam
(2) Nong Lam University Hochiminh
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