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Anomalous wet summers and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase the CO2 sink in a poorly drained forest on permafrost
Wednesday, 2024/11/06 | 08:18:28

Masahito UeyamaHiroki IwataHirohiko NaganoNaoki Kukuu, and Yoshinobu Harazono

PNAS October 25, 2024; 121 (44) e2414539121; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2414539121

Significance

The CO2 budget of high-latitude ecosystems could change with rapid warming, associated changes in the hydrological cycle, and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Based on 20 years of observations, we present a long-term increase in the CO2 sink during two decades in a black spruce forest in the permafrost region of interior Alaska. The current increase in a CO2 sink was associated with increased photosynthesis due to uncommon wet conditions and increased photosynthesis rates stimulated by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We emphasize the importance of coupling hydrological and carbon cycles and the CO2 fertilization effect for understanding the current and future trajectories of high-latitude CO2 budgets.

Abstract

At the northern high latitudes, rapid warming, associated changes in the hydrological cycle, and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, [CO2], are observed at present. Under rapid environmental changes, it is important to understand the current and future trajectories of the CO2 budget in high-latitude ecosystems. In this study, we present the importance of anomalous wet conditions and rising [CO2] on the long-term CO2 budget based on two decades (2003–2022) of quasicontinuous measurements of CO2 flux at a poorly drained black spruce forest on permafrost peat in interior Alaska. The long-term CO2 budget for the black spruce forest was a small sink of −53 ± 63 g C m−2 y−1. The CO2 sink increased from 49 g C m−2 y−1 for the first decade to 58 g C m−2 y−1 for the second decade. The increased CO2 sink was attributed to an 11.3% increase in gross primary productivity (GPP) among which 9% increase in GPP was explained by a recent increase in precipitation. Furthermore, a 3% increase in GPP in response to a 37-ppm increase in [CO2] was estimated from the data-model fusion. Our study shows that understanding the coupling between hydrological and carbon cycles and the CO2 fertilization effect is important for understanding the current and future carbon budgets of high-latitude ecosystems in permafrost regions.

 

See https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2414539121

 

Figure 1:

Air temperature during the growing season from May to August (A) and annual total precipitation (B) at Fairbanks International Airport according to the National Weather Service. The black lines represent values for individual years, the red lines represent 5-y moving means, and the stars represent values in the top 10 y from 1900 to 2022. The vertical dashed line represents the year 2003 when the measurement started.

 

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