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Soybean steroids improve crop abiotic stress tolerance and increase yield
Thursday, 2024/12/19 | 08:07:18
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Tai-Fei Yu, Ze-Hao Hou, Hai-Long Wang, Shi-Yang Chang, Xin-Yuan Song, Wei-Jun Zheng, Lei Zheng, Ji-Tong Wei, Zhi-Wei Lu, Jun Chen, Yong-Bin Zhou, Ming Chen, Su-Li Sun, Qi-Yan Jiang, Long-Guo Jin, You-Zhi Ma, Zhao-Shi Xu Plant Biotechnol J.; 2024 Aug; 22(8):2333-2347. doi: 10.1111/pbi.14349. AbstractSterols have long been associated with diverse fields, such as cancer treatment, drug development, and plant growth; however, their underlying mechanisms and functions remain enigmatic. Here, we unveil a critical role played by a GmNF-YC9-mediated CCAAT-box transcription complex in modulating the steroid metabolism pathway within soybeans. Specifically, this complex directly activates squalene monooxygenase (GmSQE1), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of either GmNF-YC9 or GmSQE1 significantly enhances soybean stress tolerance, while the inhibition of SQE weakens this tolerance. Field experiments conducted over two seasons further reveal increased yields per plant in both GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing plants under drought stress conditions. This enhanced stress tolerance is attributed to the reduction of abiotic stress-induced cell oxidative damage. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses shed light on the upregulation of multiple sterol compounds, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, in GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing soybean plants under stress conditions. Intriguingly, the application of soybean steroids, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, significantly improves drought tolerance in soybean, wheat, foxtail millet, and maize. These findings underscore the pivotal role of soybean steroids in countering oxidative stress in plants and offer a new research strategy for enhancing crop stress tolerance and quality from gene regulation to chemical intervention.
See https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38600703/
Figure 1: Stress tolerance analysis of GmNF‐YC9 overexpressing soybean plants. (a) Phenotype analysis of 7‐day‐old WT and GmNF‐YC9‐OE soybean seedling plants after 7 days of different stress treatments. (b–d) Total root length (b), hypocotyl (c), and fresh weight (d) analysis of 7‐day‐old WT and GmNF‐YC9‐OE soybean plants after 7 days of different stress treatments. (e) The different slice samples of the root tip elongation zone after 7 days of 200 mM mannitol treatment. (f) The percentage of different types of root tip slice samples. (g) Phenotypic analysis of GmNF‐YC9‐OE and WT plants at seedling stage under drought and salt stress conditions. (h, i) Proline (h) and MDA (i) content analysis of GmNF‐YC9‐OE and WT plants at seedling stage under drought and salt stress conditions. (j) The fresh weight of GmNF‐YC9‐OE and WT plants at seedling stage under drought and salt stress conditions.
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