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What do we know about the future of agrifood systems in South Asia?
Saturday, 2025/01/04 | 06:50:40

Article by Dr Swamikannu Nedumaran, Dr Judy Thomas, Dr Ravi Nandi, Ms Jyosthnaa Padmanabhan, and Dr Victor Afari-Sefa.

 

ICRISAT December 28 2024

Food, land, and water systems face daunting challenges in the future, and the body of research exploring these challenges is growing rapidly. This note is part of a series developed by the CGIAR Foresight Initiative to summarize what we know today about the future of various aspects of food systems. The goal of these notes is to serve as a quick reference, point to further information, and help guide future research and decisions.

Key messages

  • - Micronutrient availability in South Asia is projected to increase by 46 percent by 2050, reflecting a significant transition from traditional cereal-based diets to diverse, nutrient-rich foods, though affordability limits access for low-income groups.
  •  
  • - The shift from traditional diets to processed foods has led to an increase in obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. Rising demand for animal-source foods also puts pressure on local resources and increases reliance on imports.
  •  
  • - Agriculture in South Asia relies heavily on freshwater, primarily groundwater, which is critically overused. Additionally, soil degradation and the burning of crop residues contribute to air pollution and pose risks to the sustainability and productivity of the region’s agricultural land.
  •  
  • - Climate change is expected to significantly affect crop yields, particularly for staples like rice, wheat, and maize, with projected reductions by 2050. This climate impact will exacerbate food insecurity in the region, especially as food demand continues to grow.
  •  
  • - Current foresight studies often overlook the impacts of unexpected external shocks, like pandemics and the Russia-Ukraine war, on agriculture and food systems. Addressing these research gaps and focusing on context-specific technological solutions, climate-smart practices, and self-sufficiency could enhance resilience and sustainability across South Asia’s agrifood sector.

 

See https://pressroom.icrisat.org/what-do-we-know-about-the-future-of-agrifood-systems-in-south-asia

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