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Adoption trend of climate-resilient rice varieties in Bangladesh
Tuesday, 2022/11/01 | 08:28:56

IRRI News; October 25 2022

The adoption of stress-tolerant versions of popular rice cultivars can enable farming communities to mitigate the current and future challenges of recurrent flooding and drought in Bangladesh. It is recommended to promote these varieties on a large scale with assured availability and supply of good-quality labeled seeds through public and private extension and delivery networks.  This remains critical to maintaining and increasing the rice production rate of the country to match the demand of the growing population. Therefore, it is imperative to appropriately position these climate-resilient or stress-tolerant varieties against the popular non-stress-tolerant varieties. This also calls for targeted public-private community partnerships in seed systems to accelerate the supply of early-generation as well as commercial and good-quality seed for faster varietal turnover.

 

Abiotic stresses such as droughts and floods significantly constrain rice production in Bangladesh. One of the most significant recurring challenges to rice productivity in the rainfed lowlands of Southeast and South Asia is flash floods that lead to the submergence of plants for more than ten days. In Bangladesh, major setbacks to the realization of potential yield are abiotic stresses such as flooding (50%), drought (20%), and salinity (30%).

 

Drought occurs mainly due to low and erratic rainfall. The north-western part of Bangladesh is considered a drought-prone area. Approximately 5.7 million ha of rice are grown under rainfed conditions that cause substantial yield decreases. Drought affects rice crops in more than one growth stage, for example, in the post-transplantation and establishment stages (early-phase drought) or in transplanted Aman (T. Aman: rainfed lowland rice), in which the crop is affected in the reproductive stage (terminal drought), resulting in considerable yield loss. Upland rice (aus) also suffers from drought as the crop is direct-seeded and grown under rainfed conditions.

 

Bangladesh, the seventh most- affected country by extreme weather events, saw 191 such occurrences from 1999 to 2018. According to government assessments in 2017, about 16,000 ha of farmland were fully lost and 560,000 ha of standing crops were partially damaged. Although data based on a comprehensive evaluation of the August 2017 flood-affected food crops are unavailable, Aman rice in low-lying areas was probably the most affected. In addition to drought, Bangladesh has the largest rainfed crop ecosystem; it too is prone to submergence.

 

Farmers in Bangladesh cultivate varieties such as BR10, BR11, and Swarna that have duration greater than 145 days as well as shorter duration varieties (<135 days) such as Binadhan-7, BRRI dhan39, and BRRI dhan49. These varieties are preferred because of their suitability, availability, high market value, high yield, and desired grain quality.

 

Cultivars that are susceptible to drought and submergence suffer yield loss due to recurring climatic hazards every year. With the recent innovations achieved through research in plant breeding, several climate-resilient varieties are available that can withstand climatic shocks and enable farmers to harvest a reasonable economic yield compared with conventional susceptible cultivars. Even though older varieties are capable of resisting floods to some extent, they are characterized by inferior grain quality and lower yields.

 

See more https://ricetoday.irri.org/adoption-trend-of-climate-resilient-rice-varieties-in-bangladesh/

 

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