Advanced biotechnology applications in Southern Vietnam Agriculture
Friday, 2016/11/04 | 08:27:54
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The 4th National Conference on Biotechnology of Southern Vietnam 2016 Ho Chi Minh City Oct 31 – Nov 1, 2015 Key Note by BUI CHI BUU (The Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam)
Vietnam has a long history of coping with weather- and climate-related hazards such as storms, floods and droughts. El Niño is recognized as a factor that should be considered in disaster management in Southern Vietnam. severe drought and salinity intrusion has been occurring in Mekong River Delta (MRD) of Vietnam and has caused varying degrees of damage to agriculture, fisheries and the livelihoods of people in the region. All efforts to overcome poverty must include an increased crop productivity, and good quality properties through plant tolerance to flooding, drought, heat and salinity via marker-assisted selection.
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been the marker of choice for crop molecular breeding due to the high level of polymorphism, technical simplicity and low cost. Recent advances in genomics have led to the discovery of abundant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) which have enormous potential for crop molecular breeding.
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping promise to greatly accelerate crop improvement if properly deployed. Using NGS for low-cost genotyping, called “genotyping by sequencing” (GBS), has become increasingly popular. Highly multiplexed fixed array platforms have enabled powerful approaches such as genome-wide association study (GWAS).
Sequencing costs have decreased by three orders of magnitude over the past decade allowing species with larger genomes to become model species with novel approaches of “editing”, “in silico sequencing”. Knowledge of the full genome sequence is clearly just the beginning and work now will turn to elucidating all of the genes and the hard work of defining their function.
In Southern Vietnam, elucidation of the association between nucleotide changes and phenotypic changes has been a big challenge in the molecular genetics and breeding of rice, cassava, soybean and maize. The efforts have revealed new opportunities to accelerate both the genetic dissection of complex traits and the integration of genomics with crop breeding.
The choice of parents for crossing, when having such wide genetic diversity available, requires careful characterization and evaluation of the germplasm as well as good knowledge and breeding skills to make the right decisions.
The expression of transgenes in transgenic corn and soybean can be verified by using appropriate molecular techniques, then some corn GM genotypes have been commercialized with new regulations to accept the biotech varieties in large sacle areas.
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