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Climate-triggered pest and disease invaders threaten US$5 billion cassava industry in Asia
Wednesday, 2016/03/23 | 08:11:53

by Georgina Smith | CIAT Mar 16, 2016

new study published in Pest Management Science warns of devastating threats to cassava – a top starch-producing crop – creeping through Southeast Asia and heading for Indonesia, where cassava is a prime food.

 

Cassava, the third largest source of calories after rice and maize in the region, supports an estimated 40 million people. The crop underpins a US$5 billion market in starch, chips and other cassava products including biofuel. Southeast Asia is currently the world’s largest trader of cassava starch.

 

“Our data suggests a devastating impact on Southeast Asian cassava production,” said Dr. Kris Wyckhuys, entomologist for the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). “It’s vital that we act now to control these threats to safeguard food security, farmer welfare and the long-term sustainability of livelihoods and rural industries.”

 

Rapidly emerging pests and diseases pose a severe threat to farmer’s yields and incomes, he added. “What we found during this study is that some diseases and pests are far bigger problems than we thought. Alarmingly, they’ve also already spread further than previously thought.”

 

- Mysterious threats

 

For example, the enigmatic Cassava Witches’ Broom disease, spread by an unknown insect – currently being investigated – has already reached the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, where it is wiping out annual incomes for farmers.

 

“Priorities and the level of urgency differ between countries and cassava-growing areas. But now we know for example that urgent action is needed to address Cassava Witches’ Broom in Cambodia, and to halt the spread of cassava mealybug in Indonesia where it’s moving into areas where cassava is a prime food security crop.”

 

The study – the most up-to-date focusing on pest and disease invaders to Southeast Asia – gathered data from 430 fields across the region to track progress of new and old-time invaders to estimate pervasiveness of the threat, rather than determine yield loss, explained authors.

 

Monitoring revealed invading exotic species in endemic levels. Mealybugs were detected in 70 percent of all fields surveyed and Cassava witches’ Broom disease was reported in 64 percent of plots – with around one third of all plants in those affected fields infested of infected.

 

Urgent action needed

 

“We’ve already planted the seed for long-term control not only for cassava mealybug, but for other invasive pests in the region. What we need right now is financial and technical support to roll-out a major biological control response program throughout the region, including equipment for diagnosis, detection and quarantine of emerging threats.”

 

Deputy Director General at Vietnam’s Plant Protection Research Institute, Dr. Trinh Xuan Hoat, said training courses will be critical to equip regional research communities with new knowledge about invading threats, some of which are currently unknown even within the scientific community.

 

“We consider cassava pests and diseases a new and severe problem for the region, not for any particular country, because they are easily spread from one country to another – naturally or by moving planting materials,” he said. “Broad thinking is therefore needed and cross-border research cooperation is crucial to address these emerging threats,” he added.

 

- See more at: http://blog.ciat.cgiar.org/climate-triggered-pest-and-disease-invaders-threaten-us5-billion-cassava-industry-in-asia/#sthash.MLz2zxse.dpuf

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