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Digital inequality – A challenge to climate risk responses in Pakistan?
Thursday, 2024/02/15 | 06:19:54

CGIAR February 9 2024

Displacement is a major impact of the climate crisis in Pakistan. In a flood emergency access to the ‘digital ecosystem’ provided by mobile devices can be critical for individual safety, but not everyone has equal access, explain IWMI’s Kanwal Waqar and Alan Nicol.

 

Pakistan’s devastating losses from recent disastrous floods and droughts can be measured nationally in percentages of GDP, but in more human terms in displacement, insecurity and loss of livelihoods at a local level. Hundreds of thousands of people have suffered in Punjab and Sindh Provinces recently and ongoing research by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) under the CGIAR Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration is examining the role played by ‘digital ecosystems’ during these events.

 

This network of social media, communications and internet connectivity is increasing in many daily lives, including information exchange, social connectivity and money transfer as well as other services. During Pakistan’s recent devastating floods between 2010 and 2023—with frequency appearing to be increasing—communities along riverbanks in Punjab and Sindh Provinces have often been forced to seek temporary safety on higher ground and away from floodplain areas, including moving to government-designated safe zones. Whilst this represents a level of adaptation capacity on the part of communities, it also leads to immediate food insecurity as well as long-term disruption to agricultural production. For women, in particular the poorest, additional concerns surround their immediate personal safety, hygiene, and healthcare during and after these events.

 

When fleeing rapidly rising water levels, households leave behind many of their belongings, especially those 20-30% who receive little or no notice, including missing important announcements made by local mosques, the most traditional form of communicating an evacuation. What people rarely leave behind, however, are their mobile phones and during and subsequent to a flood crisis these can be essential tools in sustaining household livelihood security because they provide an immediate gateway to a digital ecosystem of information exchange, government push notifications and a social network of dispersed community members. This may be via simple SMS messaging in local languages or using internet access on smarter devices.

 

See https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/digital-inequality-a-challenge-to-climate-risk-responses-in-pakistan/

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