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Secret unlocked to underwater rice seed survival
Wednesday, 2015/09/16 | 07:45:47

IRRI, Paula Bianca Ferrer   |  Sep 11, 2015

 

A team of scientists from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the University of California Riverside recently published a study in Nature Plants unlocking the secret to how rice seeds can survive under water.

 

The study, which appears in the leading scientific journal Nature Plants, identified a gene that controls the availability of sugar to a growing seed, especially when under flooded conditions.

 

“Basically, the gene that we identified as AG1 (or OsTPP7) works opposite the one found in scuba rice, in which the SUB1 gene signals the plant to conserve energy while underwater, allowing it to stay dormant until the floodwater recedes,” said Dr. Tobias Kretzschmar, one of the paper’s authors and head of IRRI’s Genotyping Services Laboratory.

 

Figure: Thanks to the AG1—or OsTPP7—gene (shown in blue), rice seeds will be able to grow and survive when submerged in water up to 10 cm. (Photo: Tobias Kretzschmar)

 

A surprising find

“The gene that we found creates an ‘all or nothing’ escape mechanism that tricks the seed into thinking that more sugar should be given to its shoot—the plant part that grows into stems and leaves—so that the seed under water is able to grow more quickly and reach the surface of the water,” he said.

 

Surviving under water

 

Field experiments in the wet season of 2013 showed promising results–IR64 rice containing the AG1 gene (third from right row inside flooded plot) can grow even when submerged during germination.

 

Rice survival under flooding is important when it comes to direct seeding, in which seeds do not have to be pre-germinated and then transplanted. With direct seeding, seeds can be directly sown or broadcast into the field, requiring less time and energy from farmers.

 

Moreover, one of the major limiting factors to direct seeding is weeds, because these can germinate well in air—although not under water without air. So, if rice can germinate well under water while none of the weeds can, then rice will be able to outcompete the weeds.

 

Mystery of the missing gene

“One thing that I’ve noticed is that Indica varieties, which are the ones mostly grown in the tropical parts of Asia, lack the trait or ability to grow under flooded conditions,” said Kretzschmar.

 

“But in Japonica, varieties grown in the more temperate regions of Asia, Australia, and the United States, the trait is present,” he added. “That’s why these varieties have fewer problems with direct seeding.”

 

He explained that the missing trait is a problem, especially with modern Indica varieties, as traditional ones have it.

 

See more: http://ricetoday.irri.org/secret-unlocked-to-rice-seed-survival-underwater/

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