Improving photosynthetic efficiency through increasing the efficacy of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and optimizing the source-sink strength is an important aspect to raise the crop yield potential. The overexpression of mesophyll envelope protein 1 (MEP1) which is one of the key transportersinvolved in the C₄ photosynthetic pathway will help in engineeringthe C₄ photosynthetic pathway into C₃ rice to increase the enzyme activities and overcome the minor fluxes

Victoria holds a large proportion of the world’s lignite resource, being generally easy to access at low cost. Interest in the use of lignite as an organic amendment is increasing because it is a rich source of humic acids and can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals. To date, there is no information about the effect of this amendment on soil biological properties

Phytohormones play critical roles in plant growth and development. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential phytohormones required for optimum physiological processes of plant and their deficiency causes distinctive dwarf phenotypes with markedly shorter siliques in Arabidospsis. Homeostasis of BRs in plants is maintained by DWF4 enzyme that mediates multiple 22α-hydroxylation steps in brassinosteroid biosynthesis

Salt stress is one of the most brutal abiotic stresses that limit profitable rice production worldwide. Salinity causes complex interactions among different morphological, physiological and biochemical processes. Salinity may cause oxidative stress due to highly producing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to alteration plant metabolism. As a result, DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and membranes are damaged.

Nanomaterials are materials at nanoscale as between 0.1 and 100 nanometer(1nm = 10^-9 m), which have large surface area, orientation, and physical properties, appropriate to be used in medicinal sciences, physics and chemistry. The use of gold nanoparticles in biological studies was first introduced by Faulk and Taylor (1971).

Phaeoacremonium parasiticum has been found to be associated with oleoresin deposition in Aquialaria malaccensis (Agar plant). Mass culture of P. parasiticum needs to be done for its economic and large scale production of Agarwood oil. P. parasiticum cultured on PDA petriplate at 30±1^oC, showed very slow growth rate.

The main purpose is characterization of Vietnamese wild rice to apply them as valuable genetic resources to improve cultivars. In the past, one of wild rice accessions has been used to breed superior variety AS996 which are cultivated in Vietnam and getting more cultivating areas. This thesis is composed from two parts, 1) Evaluation genetic resources in the Mekong delta, 2) Characterization of superior variety AS996 bred with a particular wild rice in Vietnam. 1