Lukas Roth, Dario Fossati, Patrick Krähenbühl, Achim Walter & Andreas Hund

Theoretical and Applied Genetics July 2023; vol. 136, Article number: 162

Key message

Genotype-by-environment interactions of secondary traits based on high-throughput field phenotyping are less complex than those of target traits, allowing for a phenomic selection in unreplicated early generation trials.

Abstract

Traditionally, breeders’ selection decisions in early generations are largely based on visual observations in the field. With the advent of affordable genome sequencing and high-throughput phenotyping technologies, enhancing breeders’ ratings with such information became attractive. In this research, it is hypothesized that G× E interactions of secondary traits (i.e., growth dynamics’ traits) are less complex than those of related target traits (e.g., yield). Thus, phenomic selection (PS) may allow selecting for genotypes with beneficial response-pattern in a defined population of environments. A set of 45 winter wheat varieties was grown at 5 year-sites and analyzed with linear and factor-analytic (FA) mixed models to estimate G×E interactions of secondary and target traits. The dynamic development of drone-derived plant height, leaf area and tiller density estimations was used to estimate the timing of key stages, quantities at defined time points and temperature dose–response curve parameters. Most of these secondary traits and grain protein content showed little G×E interactions. In contrast, the modeling of G×E for yield required a FA model with two factors. A trained PS model predicted overall yield performance, yield stability and grain protein content with correlations of 0.43, 0.30 and 0.34. While these accuracies are modest and do not outperform well-trained GS models, PS additionally provided insights into the physiological basis of target traits. An ideotype was identified that potentially avoids the negative pleiotropic effects between yield and protein content.

See https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00122-023-04395-x

Figure 1: Workflow in high-throughput field phenotyping including data acquisition with drones, extraction of low-level traits, dynamic modeling, and predicting target traits (a), collected data for the variety testing (b) and F7/F8 breeding experiment (c), and how those datasets where used for training and prediction purposes (d–h).