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| Thirty years of resistance: Zig-zag through the plant immune system |
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Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response system. The first plant Resistance (R) gene was cloned in 1992 . Since then, many cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified, and R genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) have been cloned. |
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Bruno Pok Man Ngou, Pingtao Ding, Jonathan D G Jones
The Plant Cell, Volume 34, Issue 5, May 2022: 1447–1478 https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koac041 AbstractUnderstanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response system. The first plant Resistance (R) gene was cloned in 1992 . Since then, many cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified, and R genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) have been cloned. Here, we provide a list of characterized PRRs and NLRs. In addition to immune receptors, many components of immune signaling networks were discovered over the last 30 years. We review the signaling pathways, physiological responses, and molecular regulation of both PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity. Recent studies have reinforced the importance of interactions between the two immune systems. We provide an overview of interactions between PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, highlighting challenges and perspectives for future research.
See https://academic.oup.com/plcell/article/34/5/1447/6529015
Fig. 3: NLRs involved in plant immunity. Characterized NLRs with known effectors from (A) bacteria, (B) fungi, (C) oomycetes, (D) self-molecules, (E) parasitic plants, (F) viruses, (G) herbivores, and (H) Helper NLRs. Abbreviations for plant species: G. max, Gm; H. vulgare, Hv; C. annuum, Ca; Nicotiana attenuate, Niatt; N. tabacum, Nitab; Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Ntom; S. tuberosum, St; Z. mays, Zm; C. chacoense, Cch; C. melo, Cm; L. usitatissimum, Lu; P. vulgaris, Pv; Triticum monococcum, Tm; S. cereale, Sc; S. bicolor, Sb; S. americanum, Sa; S. bulbocastanum, Sbu; S. chacoense, Sch; S. demissum, Sd; Solanum hjertingii, Sh; Solanum mochicense, Smo; Solanum nigrescens, Ssn; Solanum × edinense, Sxe; S. stoloniferum, Sst; S. venturi, Sv; C. baccatum, Cb; C. chinense, Cchi; C. frutescens, Cf; N. sylvestris, Ns; S. acaule, Sac; N. glutinosa, Ng; A. tauschii, Ata; P. cerasifera, Pc. Number of LRR repeats in the NLRs were predicted by LRRpredictor (Martin et al., 2020a). |
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