Resistance factors against non-adapted powdery mildews were mapped in barley. Some QTLs seem effective only to non-adapted mildews, while others also play a role in defense against the adapted form. The durability and effectiveness of nonhost resistance suggests promising practical applications for crop breeding, relying upon elucidation of key aspects of this type of resistance. We investigated which genetic factors determine the nonhost status of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to powdery mildews (Blumeria graminis).

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is one of the destructive diseases in tomato. The previous studies have identified Bwr-6 (chromosome 6) and Bwr-12 (chromosome 12) loci as the major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to resistance against bacterial wilt in tomato cultivar ‘Hawaii7996’. However, the genetic identities of two QTLs have not been uncovered yet.

Plant height is an important component of plant architecture, and significantly affects crop breeding practices and yield. Here, we report the characterization of an EMS-induced dwarf mutant (dw) of the soybean cultivar Zhongpin 661 (ZDD23893). The dw mutant displayed reduced plant height and shortened internodes, both of which were mainly attributed to the longitudinally decreased cell length.

Innovation establishes method to control invasive fly that deposits eggs in fruit crops, causing millions in damage. Biologists at the University of California San Diego have developed a method of manipulating the genes of an agricultural pest that has invaded much of the United States and caused millions of dollars in damage to high-value berry and other fruit crops.

Maize is a valuable source of food and feed worldwide. Maize endosperm protein is, however nutritionally poor due to the reduced levels of two essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan. In this study, recessive opaque2 (o2) allele that confers enhanced endosperm lysine and tryptophan, was introgressed using marker-assisted backcross breeding into three normal inbred lines (HKI323, HKI1105 and HKI1128).

The present study evaluated the effect of using electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) as a barrier coating and black pepper oleoresin (OR) as a natural extract on the morphology, thermal, mechanical, antimicrobial, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties of solvent cast gelatin (GEL). The antimicrobial activity of the developed multilayer system obtained by the so-called electrospinning coating technique was also evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus strains for 10 days.

The present study aimed to compare polyphenols among red lettuce cultivars and identify suitable cultivars for the development and utilization of healthy vegetables. Polyphenols, mineral elements, and antioxidant activity were analyzed in the leaves of six red pigmented lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars; thereafter, we assessed the anti-tumor effects of cultivar B-2, which displayed the highest antioxidant activity.

A new isolate (Mg-mungbean-1) of yellow mosaic virus (YMV) was identified and characterized from mungbean growing in mid-hill condition of Meghalaya, India. Full genome of components (DNA A and DNA B; NCBI accessions number KU95030 and KU95031, respectively) of the virus were amplified through rolling circle amplification and sequenced. Both, DNA A and DNA B shared a common region (CR) with 90.4% similarity.

As a source of edible oil and protein, soybean is a major globally important economic crop; Improving its production has been an important objective of soybean breeding. Acid rain has been shown to influence soybean growth and productivity, with consequent adverse impacts on its production for use by human populations. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was utilized to examine changes in gene expression when soybean was exposed to simulated acid rain (SAR).

To understand cellular coordination of multiple transcriptome regulation mechanisms, we simultaneously measured transcription rate (TR), mRNA abundance (RA) and translation activity (TA). This revealed multiple insights. First, the three parameters displayed systematic statistical differences. Sequentially more genes exhibited extreme (low or high) expression values from TR to RA, and then to TA; that is