Cao J, Zhang M, Xiao J, Li X, Yuan M, Wang S.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 Nov 21;9:1711. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01711. eCollection 2018.
Abstract
The bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the most devastating bacterial disease of rice worldwide. A number of dominant major disease resistance (MR) genes and recessive MR genes against Xoo have been cloned and molecularly characterized in the last two decades. However, how these MR genes mediated-resistances occur at the cytological level is largely unknown. Here, by ultrastructural examination of xylem parenchyma cells, we show that resistances to Xoo conferred by dominant MR genes and recessive MRgenes resulted in different types of programmed cell death (PCD). Three dominant MR genes Xa1, Xa4, and Xa21 and two recessive MRgenes xa5 and xa13 that encode very different proteins were used in this study. We observed that Xa1-, Xa4-, and Xa21-mediated resistances to Xoo were associated mainly with autophagy-like cell death featured by the formation of autophagosome-like bodies in the xylem parenchyma cells. In contrast, the xa5- and xa13-mediated resistances to Xoo were associated mainly with vacuolar-mediated cell death characterized by tonoplast disruption of the xylem parenchyma cells. Application of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine partially compromised Xa1-, Xa4-, and Xa21-mediated resistances, as did Na2HPO4 alkaline solution to xa5- and xa13-mediated resistances. These results suggest that autophagy-like cell death is a feature of the dominant MR gene-mediated resistance to Xoo and vacuolar-mediated cell death is a characteristic of the recessive MR gene-mediated resistance.
See: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519255
FIGURE 1
Phenotypes of different rice line–Xoo strain interactions. DAI, day after infection; arrow, hypersensitive response-like lesion. (A,B) Leaf responses of resistant rice lines IRBB1, IRBB4, IRBB5, IRBB13, and IRBB21 and susceptible rice line IR24 inoculated with Xoo strain T7174, PXO61, or PXO99 at 5 and 14 DAI. (C) Lesion length of different rice lines infected with Xoo at 14 DAI. Bars represent mean (12 to 16 leaves from four plants) ± standard deviation (SD). The double asterisk (∗∗) stands for the significant difference between resistant and susceptible plants at P < 0.01.
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