Reprogramming of Cell Fate During Root Regeneration by Transcriptional and Epigenetic Networks
Friday, 2020/07/17 | 09:03:30
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, , , , 2020 Mar 25;11:317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00317
Abstract
Many plant species are able to regenerate adventitious roots either directly from aerial organs such as leaves or stems, in particularly after detachment (cutting), or indirectly, from over-proliferating tissue termed callus. In agriculture, this capacity of de novo root formation from cuttings can be used to clonally propagate several important crop plants including cassava, potato, sugar cane, banana and various fruit or timber trees. Direct and indirect de novo root regeneration (DNRR) originates from pluripotent cells of the pericycle tissue, from other root-competent cells or from non-root-competent cells that first dedifferentiate. Independently of their origin, the cells convert into root founder cells, which go through proliferation and differentiation subsequently forming functional root meristems, root primordia and the complete root. Recent studies in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and rice have identified several key regulators building in response to the phytohormone auxin transcriptional networks that are involved in both callus formation and DNRR. In both cases, epigenetic regulation seems essential for the dynamic reprogramming of cell fate, which is correlated with local and global changes of the chromatin states that might ensure the correct spatiotemporal expression pattern of the key regulators. Future approaches might investigate in greater detail whether and how the transcriptional key regulators and the writers, erasers, and readers of epigenetic modifications interact to control DNRR.
See https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32269581/
Figure 1: Concept of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation network during direct excision-induced DNRR in Arabidopsis. The three phases and four stages of phase III, priming, initiation, pattering, and emergence, are according to Yu et al. (2017) and Xu (2018). Note that several relations are not yet verified for DNRR but demonstrated for callus formation, LR initiation and/or regular root development. Black arrows, direct transcriptional regulation; dotted arrows, indirect regulation; blue arrows, JA and auxin synthesis and transport; dark-red arrows, protein-protein interaction; green arrows, positive epigenetic regulation; red arrows, negative epigenetic regulation. ALF4, ABERRANT LATERAL ROOT FORMATION4; ARFs, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs; ASA1, ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE α1; ATXR2, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA TRITHORAX-RELATED2; CEP, Cys endopeptidase; ERF109, ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR109; GCN5, GENERAL CONTROL NON-REPRESSED5; H3K27me3, histone H3 tri-methylation of Lys27; IAAs, INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLEs; IPA, indole-3-pyruvic acid; JA-Ile, jasmonoyl-isoleucine; LBD16/29, LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16/29; NAC1, NAM/ATAF/CUC domain1; PINs, PIN-FORMED proteins; PLT1/2, PLETHORA1/2; PRC2, Polycomb Repressive Complex2; REF6, RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING6; SDG2, SET-DOMAIN GROUP2; SLR_IAA14, SOLITARY ROOT_ INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 14; TAA1, TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1; Trp, Tryptophan; WOX11/12, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11/12; WOX5/7, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5/7; YUCs, YUCCAs |
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