Rol genes enhance the biosynthesis of antioxidants in Artemisia carvifolia Buch
Sunday, 2016/06/12 | 03:03:42
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Erum Dilshad, Hammad Ismail, Ihsan-ul- Haq, Rosa Maria Cusido, Javier Palazon, Karla Ramirez-Estrada and Bushra Mirza AbstractBackgroundThe secondary metabolites of the Artemisia genus are well known for their important therapeutic properties. This genus is one of the valuable sources of flavonoids and other polyphenols, but due to the low contents of these important metabolites, there is a need to either enhance their concentration in the original plant or seek alternative sources for them. The aim of the current study was to detect and enhance the yield of antioxidant compounds of Artemisia carvifolia Buch. HPLC analysis was performed to detect the antioxidants. With the aim of increasing flavonoid content, Rol gene transgenics of A. carvifolia were established. Two genes of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase, were studied by real time qPCR. Antioxidant potential was determined by performing different antioxidant assays. ResultsHPLC analysis of wild-type A. carvifolia revealed the presence of flavonoids such as caffeic acid (30 μg/g DW), quercetin (10 μg/g DW), isoquercetin (400 μg/g DW) and rutin (300 μg/g DW). Compared to the untransformed plants, flavonoid levels increased 1.9–6-fold and 1.6–4-fold in rol B and rol C transgenics, respectively. RT qPCR analysis showed a variable expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes, including those encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase, which were found to be relatively more expressed in transformed than wild-type plants, thus correlating with the metabolite concentration. Methanolic extracts of transgenics showed higher antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and protection against free radical-induced DNA damage. Among the transgenic plants, those harboring rol B were slightly more active than the rol C-transformants. ConclusionAs well as demonstrating the effectiveness of rol genes in inducing plant secondary metabolism, this study provides insight into the molecular dynamics of the flavonoid accumulation pattern, which correlated with the expression of biosynthetic genes.
BMC Plant Biology 2 June 2016 http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-016-0811-7
Fig. 5 Protective effects of A. carvifolia wild-type and rol B and rol C transgenics against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage: L stands for 1 KB DNA ladder, “P” indicates plasmid DNA, lane X shows the damage caused to the plasmid DNA by a Fenton reaction, 1 = 1000 ppm of extract of wild-type A. carvifolia + plasmid DNA, 2 = 1000 ppm of extract of wild-type A. carvifolia + plasmid DNA + FeSO4 + H2O2, 3 = 100 ppm of extract of wild-type A. carvifolia + plasmid DNA + FeSO4 + H2O2, 4 = 10 ppm of extract of wild-type A. carvifolia + plasmid DNA + FeSO4 + H2O2. Similarly, lanes 5–8 show results of TB1, 9–12 = TB2, 13–16 = TB3, 17–20 = TB4, 21–24 = TC1, 25–28 = TC2, 29–32 = TC3 |
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